Ni gute Mumenya Ivyanditswe imbere yo Gugura Igicuruzwa ciza c’uburemere?

Igihe umuntu agura amabouti, gutahura uburyo afise n’ivyo asobanura ni ikintu gihambaye cane kugira ngo igicuruzwa ca nyuma gikora neza n’umutekano.Igitigiri, nk'ukoabakemurampaka, zikoreshwa cane mu kwubaka, mu gukora imodoka, mu mashini, no mu bibanza bitandukanye vy’inganda. Iki kiganiro kizogufasha gutahura ibintu nyamukuru vyo kwitwararika imbere y'uko ugura ibintu vy'agaciro kanini.

 

 

Ivyo bikoresho vy’ibara ry’agahama biragira ico bikoze ku buryo butaziguye kandi bubereye ku bidukikije bitandukanye.

Ibikoresho bisanzwe birimwo:

 

Ivyuma bitagira umunyu

Ivyuma bitagira ibara bizwi mu gutanga ubushobozi bwo guhangana n’ubushuhe n’ugusenyuka mu gihe kandi bifise ubushobozi bwo gusudira cane. Hariho ibipimo bitandukanye vy’ibikorwa vy’ivyuma bitagira ibara (45,50,60,70, na 80) vyinshi muri vyo birimwo austenite. Ubwoko butandukanye bw’icuma kitagira ibara na bwo nyene burafise kamere zitandukanye gatoyi.

A1, A2, A4 martesite, na 13% C bizwi kubera inkomezi nyinshi n’ugushobora kwambara ariko ubushobozi bwavyo bwo gusenyuka burato. C1, C2, na C4 bifatwa nk’ivyuma bitagira ibara, mu gihe 18 kw’ijana CR ifise urugero rwo hejuru cane rwo guhangana n’ugusenyuka.

 

Inguvu z'imodoka

Ivyuma vy’ikarito bigabanywamwo icuma kiri hasi-, icuma c’imbere-ba c’imodoka, n’ivyuma vy’ikarita. Hariho kandi n’ivyuma vy’ivyuma bikoresheje carbone ariko ubwo bwoko bw’icuma c’umuyagankuba ntibuboneka mu buryo busanzwe kw’isoko.

 

 

Igitigiri c’inkomezi c’ibara ry’umubiri ni co kigena umuzigo munini ushobora kwihanganira.

Ivyiyumviro rusangi vy'inkomezi ni:

 

Igice ca 8.8: Ivyiza ku bikenewe muri rusangi, bitanga inkomezi n’ubukomezi bwiza.

Ivyigwa vya 10.9: Bikoreshwa ku bikorwa vy’ubuhinga bwa none, nk’uko biri mu mashini y’imodoka n’amashini aremereye, ashobora kwihanganira inguvu nyinshi.

Igice ca 12.9: Itanga inkomezi nyinshi cane, zibereye kugira ngo umuntu ashobore gufata neza mu bihe bikomeye cane.

 

 

 

Ivyiyumviro vy’ugukwegakwega bigena ukuri n’ugushikama kw’ihuriro ry’amabouti.

Ubwoko rusangi bw'urudodo ni:

 

Ivyiyumviro vy’imirongo: Ikoreshwa ku bikorwa vy’ubuhinga mpuzamakungu, bikunze kuboneka mu mashini nyinshi n’ubwubatsi.

Ivyiyumviro vy’ubwami: Bikoreshwa mu bihugu bimwebimwe no mu bikorwa vyihariye, nk’ivyo mu kirere no mu migambi imwe imwe y’ubuhinga.

 

 

 

Ubwoko bw’umutwe w’umugozi ugira ico bukoze ku buryo bwo gushiramwo n’ibikoresho vyakoreshejwe.

Ubwoko rusangi ni:

 

 

Ubuvuzi bwo ku ruhande rw’amabouti bushobora kwongereza ubushobozi bwo guhangana n’ugusenyuka kwavyo be n’ugukomera. Ubuvuzi busanzwe burimwo:

 

(1) Gutuma umuyagankuba ukora neza .

Electro glication ni umuti wo hasi - ushobora kugusiga ufise ibikoresho bifatanye bifise ishusho nziza. Ariko rero, naho ari uburyo buzimvye - uburyo bwo gukora, ubushobozi bwabwo bwo guharura si bwiza nk’uko umuntu yoshobora kwizigira, kandi muri rusangi bufatwa nk’uburyo bumwe bufise ubushobozi bwo gukora -

Guhinduranya ni vyo bishobora gutuma habaho uguhinduka kw’amazi ari co gituma atari uburyo bukoreshwa n’amabouti afise amanota arenga 10.9. Naho hariho uburyo bwo gukuraho hydrogène ishobora gukoreshwa inyuma y’ugutuma ibintu bigenda neza, iyo filime y’ugukuraho ibintu igiye kwononekara n’iyi nzira isaba ubushuhe burenga degre 60. Ivyo bituma, kiretse iyo umukiriya benshi bakora ibikorwa vy’ubuhinga bwa none batazobandanya gukuraho ihydrogène kiretse iyo bikenewe.

 

(2) Guhindura amasoko

Ivyo mbere birahenda cane kuruta gutera imbere ariko ubushobozi bwo guhangana n’uguhungabana butanga n’ubugoyagoye ni buke. Abahinga barakeneye gupfukwa n’amavuta iyo iyo nzira irangiye, kuko mu vy’ukuri guhangana n’ugukora amavuta.

Ivyuma bifatanya n’inganda akenshi bifatwa biciye mu nzira yo gukora phosphing n’ugukora amavuta kuko ubushobozi bw’ubu buhuye neza kandi toque na pre-Indwara y’imbere ishobora kugira ubushobozi bwiza muri rusangi.

 

(3)Impinduka

Iterambere, rizwi kandi nk’uguca ibibatsi n’ugupfukama, ni uburyo bukoreshwa mu gutuma icuma n’ibikoresho vy’ivyuma vyihuta. Ivyo bituma haba igice kinini co gukingira oxide. Umwijima ufise ivyiza vyinshi harimwo n’uko bishobora kuba vyiza gukora ata muyagankuba. Ni n'uburyo bwo hasi -_coccost kandi bwihuta bufise ibikoresho vyoroshe cane.

Iyi ni yo nzira ihendutse kuruta izindi zo ku butaka zishobora gukoreshwa ku bikoresho vy’inganda ni co gituma kenshi ikoreshwa n’abahinguzi.

Ariko rero, kwirabura ntibigira ubushobozi bwo kurwanya umusemburo, ivyo bikaba bisobanura ko n’inyuma y’aho ivyo bintu bipfutse amavuta vyoshobora guhera. Umwijima ntutera imbere inguvu z’imbere y’igihe.

 

(4)Ifeza n'imbeho

Ifeza y’ifeza irakora neza cane mu gukingira ugusenyuka kandi irashobora kandi gukora nk’ikintu gikomeye co gutera amavuta. Ariko rero, igiciro kinini c’ivyo bikoresho vy’ifeza bisigura ko akenshi ari inyama z’intete n’utundi dutoduto dupfutse mu gihe amabouti manini manini adashirwa mu buryo busanzwe. Ifeza y’ifeza na yo nyene yongera ku nzira ndende - ubushobozi bwo gutera imbere kw’ibara ry’umubiri kandi bishobora gufasha gukingira oxidition. Nickel na yo nyene irakora neza iyo hakenewe ubushobozi bwo guhangana n’ugusenyuka n’ubushobozi bwo gutwara imodoka, harimwo no mu nzira y’ibati ry’imodoka.

 

 

Guhitamwo umucuruzi w’icubahiro no kugenzura icemezo c’ibicuruzwa birashobora gutuma amabombo ahura n’ingingo mfatirwako z’uburyo. Ivyemezo nka ISO na DIN biratanga icizigiro c’inyongera.AYA Abashitsi barashitse ku vyemezo vya lS09001: 2015, 1S014015:2015,1S045001: 2018, n’ibindi.

 

 

Igihe umuntu agura amabouti, gutahura ibintu nyamukuru nk’ibikoresho, inkomezi, urudodo rw’indodo, ubwoko bw’umutwe, n’ubuvuzi bwo ku ruhande, hamwe no guhitamwo uwuguhaye, ni ikintu gihambaye cane kugira ngo umuntu ashobore kumenya neza ibintu vyinshi vy’ubuhinga n’umutekano. Nk'umurongozi kw'isi yose mu gutorera umuti ibibazo,AYA Fastersitanga amafaranga y’imbere n’ay’imbere. Guhitamwo AYA bisigura guhitamwo ubuhinga bwiza.